Background and Aim: VESTIBULAR Rehabilitation (VR) is a well-accepted treatment for Unilateral Vestibulopathy (UVP). Since noisy Galvanic VESTIBULAR STIMULATION (nGVS) improves the processing of VESTIBULAR inputs, we assessed the synergistic effects of adding nGVS to VESTIBULAR rehabilitation for the treatment of UVP. Methods: Patients with UVP were randomly assigned into two groups receiving either VR for four weeks (VR group, n=12) or VR for four weeks combined with nGVS for three sessions (VR+nGVS group,n=12). Outcome measurements were postural control parameters measured with eyes open/closed conditions on hard/soft surfaces, Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) gain, and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) scores that were assessed at baseline and after four weeks. Results: All postural control parameters, mean total and subscale scores of DHI, and mean VOR gain in directions of affected canals significantly improved in both groups after interventions (p<0. 05) except mean mediolateral displacement in conditions with eyes closed on hard surface and with eyes open on soft surface, mean mediolateral velocity in conditions with eyes closed on hard surface, ability to stance with eye closed condition on soft surface and mean emotional subscale of DHI in VR group. Improvements were significantly higher in postural control outcomes measured in stances with eyes closed on hard surface and with eyes open and closed on soft surface, mean VOR gains in directions of affected horizontal and anterior canals, and mean total, physical, and functional scores of DHI in VR+nGVS group (p<0. 05). Conclusion: When combined with VR, nGVS shows additional therapeutic effects in UVP patients.

Background and Aim: Navigation information is processed and stored in different brain areas such as hippocampus. Since multiple pathways has been reported between VESTIBULAR nuclei and hippocampus and also cognitive dysfunction specifically in spatial memory is induced by VESTIBULAR deficits, it can be assumed that VESTIBULAR system STIMULATION ameliorates spatial memory. The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of galvanic VESTIBULAR STIMULATION on normal individual’s spatial memory.Methods: In this experimental-interventional study, sixty 18-30-years-old women were randomly allocated in intervention and control groups. Intervention group undergone subthreshold bilateral bipolar galvanic VESTIBULAR STIMULATION and control group received sham STIMULATION. STIMULATION was presented for 15 minutes. Corsi Block Tapping (CBT) test scores were compared before and after subthreshold bipolar galvanic VESTIBULAR STIMULATION exposure or no STIMULATION in each group and between groups.Results: All test parameters were the same in both groups before STIMULATION (p<0.050). There were significant improvement in block span, total score and learning score in intervention group after galvanic VESTIBULAR STIMULATION (p<0.050), no significant difference in delayed score (p=0.600). Learning score was improved (p=0.003) and delayed score was deteriorated (p=0.010) in control group. Percentages of block span and total score in intervention group were significantly different compared to the other group (p<0.050).Conclusion: Galvanic VESTIBULAR STIMULATION improves short-term and long-term spatial memory. This test may inherently have learning effect that is not influenced by STIMULATION.

Background and Objective: Caloric method is the most important test in evaluating the VESTIBULAR function and air caloric STIMULATION is the most popular method for performing this test. As there are no standard normal criteria for this test, the goal of this study was to define normal criteria for different parameters of caloric test which is a part of peripheral VESTIBULAR system test battery in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. These parameters include directional preponderance, unilateral weakness and slow phase velocity.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study, thirty two healthy volunteers of 20-45 years of age were included. After obtaining written informed consent and performing basic audiologic examination, Caloric test was performed using INC model of House Infrared/Video ENG System, USA. Its parameters were compared between males and females and within 2 different age groups of 20-30 and 30-45. Data were analyzed with a significant level of 0.05.Results: In the right eye, slow phase velocity was 15.23±7.43o/s, directional preponderance was 10.49±9.28% and unilateral weakness was12.27±6.45% and these values in the left eye were 15.94±8.25o/s, 10.45±9.09% and 12.69±7.54%, respectively. There was not any significant difference between the two genders and between the two age groups.Conclusion: These results suggest the normal values for different parameters of Caloric test and it can be used to differentiate patients and normal subjects. As there was no statistically significant difference between males and females and two age ranges, the same values can be used for all of them.

Objectives: Rehabilitation strategies play a pivotal role in reliving the inappropriate behaviors and improving children's performance during school. Concentration and visual and auditory comprehension in children are crucial to effective learning and have drawn interest from researchers and clinicians.VESTIBULAR function deficits usually cause high level of alertness and vigilance, and problems in maintaining focus, paying selective attention, and altering in precision and attention to the stimulus. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between VESTIBULAR STIMULATION and auditory perception in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Methods: Totally 30 children aged from 7 to 12 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder participated in this study. They were assessed based on the criteria of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. After obtaining guardian and parental consent, they were enrolled and randomly matched on age to two groups of intervention and control. Integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test was carried out as a pre-test. Those in the intervention group received VESTIBULAR STIMULATION during the therapy sessions, twice a week for 10 weeks. At the end the test was done to both groups as post-test.Results: The pre-and post-test scores were measured and compared the differences between means for two subject groups. Statistical analyses found a significant difference for the mean differences regarding auditory comprehension improvement.Discussion: The findings suggest that VESTIBULAR training is a reliable and powerful option treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder especially along with other trainings, meaning that stimulating the sense of balance highlights the importance of interaction between inhabitation and cognition.